Why do states cooperate?

States cooperates for various reasons that include improving their economic, political, and military operations. They cooperate to attain supranationlism that involve the movement of different states to organize for political, military, economic, or cultural cooperation. Such cooperation help in promoting shared objectives of different activities that can help the states to operate effectively. The cooperation arises when the states need to achieve devolution among them in the global business society. Devolution formed through states cooperation remains to be the process where different places within the states demand as well as gain growing autonomy and political strength at the expenses of the central government of regions that come together. Moreover, states cooperate to form regional military alliances. These alliances can be formed to help states in balancing the power between them, hence, leading to equal strength between opposing alliances. Cooperation of states can help them to establish peacekeeping force essential in enhancing the wellbeing of their citizens. For instance, the global along with regional organization such as the UN were established to prevent the 3^rd world conflict in the 20^th century and to offer protection to nations from the foreign attack. During the duration of cold conflict era, most states joined the UN and regional corporations with the objective of preventing the third global conflict from occurring among the states.

The urge to increase economic development has given rise for different states to work together so as they can improve in their economic status.States cooperate because of decline in the military-alliance making them turn to economic cooperation. Furthermore, states cooperate to increase development through economic support by ensuring that they attain farm subsidies. These subsidies can help states to get money that they can pay to supplement incomes of their farmers. Additionally, states cooperate to ensure that they increase free trade through the process of removing any existing barrier that includes tariffs, border crossing concerns, requirements of passports, and opening new branches of banks, and introducing a shared currency such as euro or dollars. Other supranational organization such as North America Free Agreement on Trade that comprises of US, Canada, together with Mexico among other states cooperated to remove barriers to trade between them in the markets. States also cooperate to help in controlling prices and supplies of different products and services within the region. Other states cooperated to form UN that aimed at establishing forces for peacekeeping. Process of peacekeeping among states relies on the voluntary contribution of troops from different members of the Security Council to prevent intervention.

Reasons leading to cooperation among states

Cooperation of states does not arise overnight, but the seeds of their fall apart are sown deep within their political settings. The collapse in the institutions of states leads to less cooperation of states. Involvement in terrorism activities make some states to be less likely to cooperate with others as most organizations will always be against their existence. High instances of conflict in a state make it tough for it to cooperate with other states that value peaceful coexistence with their neighbors. The inability to accommodate the diverse aspirations of ethnicities of people in different regions has also contributed to less cooperation. Such instances of powerlessness to oblige various yearnings of ethnicities have dependably prompted the separation of various states into littler ones like in Eastern Europe making the cooperation to be less. Furthermore, cases of globalization have affected how states cooperate. Globalization has made it tough for states that are not advanced in technological usage to cooperate with well developed states around the globe. Most modernized states only focuses on cooperating with states that are also well developed as a way of ensuring that they advance in their economic development.

War that arises in the era of superpower makes it tough or nearly impossible for states that are having a grudge to cooperate with others. For instance, during the Cold conflict era, the US along with the Soviet Union remained to be the globe’s two superpowers. Their supremacy reduces the number of states that they cooperated with since most nations feared to cooperate with them both in political, military, and economic sector. The idea of controlling trade by some nations harms oneself and thereby harm the opponent that in most times pulls out of cooperation. The dominance in any activity by a state that collaborates with other states always reduces the way states cooperate as they always decide to end relationship in ensuring that they can also try to explore new ventures to remain dominant in the marketplace.

States cooperate to achieve theory of balance of power

The theory of balance of power in global relation states that, security of a nation is improved when resources of military is dispersed so that no single status is firm enough to control others during their operations. The theory suggests that if one state becomes much strong when compared to other states, the hypothesis predicts that it will exploit its quality and also assault weaker neighbors. Such moves will then offer the motivating force for those debilitated to join in the guarded alliance. Notwithstanding, hypothesis of balance of power parity theory states that some realist that maintain state cooperation would be steadier as animosity may seem ugly and would be deflected if there is proximity of balance of intensity between the opponent alliances. Along these lines, this hypothesis demonstrates that when any state is affected by the huge outer risk, then it may wish to shape collaboration to adjust to the trend. The adjusting of these states remains to be the allying with other states against the prevailing danger. However, states that have bandwagon have aligned with the danger. The theory also states that different nations might also be ready to employ other alliance tactics that include chain-ganging and buck-passing. Therefore, theory of balance of power in states cooperation is one of the most seasoned and most imperative ideas in principle of worldwide relations The operations of this theory involve the rule- based framework that illustrates that the capacity of states makes them to be predominance to one another.

States cooperate to attain improved security

The theory states that goal of states cooperation is to have a security dimension that is installed in a critical position of intensity until the point when the states’ issues are taken care of as show by some type of multilateralism. It is noticed that the hypothesis of parity of intensity works best if states do not hesitate to adjust their activities to some other country or where the attachment of coalitions is moderately low so that on a specific doubt there can be changes in arrangement. Theory of balance of power itself says nothing concerning how the mutual gains from cooperation of different states can be distributed globally. The theory illustrates that the deal formed by different cooperation of states may become appealling to commercial interests in every state. For example, major powers have rarely balanced against different nations such as the US making states that they collaborate with them to be superpower in their assistance. In global connections, it refers to condition of being non harmony among states or unions to keep any single element from winding up too firm and accordingly achieving the ability to implement its will upon the rest

States cooperate to eliminate security threat amid their operations

There is a need for different states to recognize extreme power as a threat to their security and to respond by taking different measures jointly, individually, or both. Such measure can help in enhancing the military power for different states that lack cooperative. In line with lack of state cooperation, this theory states that there have been various challenges to the conventional realist wisdom during the process of balancing that is more prevalent compared to bandwagoning act. Moreover, according to this theory of balance of power, it states that lack of cooperation arise due to irregular characteristics that focuses in military and material capacities among awesome forces. Lack of state cooperation always arises when states of great powers lack various mechanisms essential in restoring the balance that incorporate interior military advancement. It arises where economic wealth is shifted from state due to military influence.

Reference List

1. Bovis, Christopher H. “Efficiency and Effectiveness in Public Sector Management: The Regulation of Public Markets and Public-Private Partnerships and Its Impact on Contemporary Theories of Public Administration.” European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review 8 no.2 (2013.): 186–99. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89580204&site=ehost-live (accessed October 4, 2018).
2. Hetzer, Moritz, and Didier Sornette. “An Evolutionary Model of Cooperation, Fairness and Altruistic Punishment in Public Good Games.” PLoS ONE 8 no.11 (2013.): 1–13. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077041 (accessed October 4, 2018).
3. Lebovic, James H. “Cooperation in International Security.” International Studies Review 13 no.3 (2011.): 488–94. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2486.2011.01044.x.
4. Nelson, Chad E. “Why the Great Powers Permitted the Creation of an American Hegemon.” Political Science Quarterly (Wiley-Blackwell) 132 no.4 (2017.): 685–718. doi:10.1002/polq.12701 (accessed October 4, 2018).
5. Posner, Eric A. “Balance-Of-Powers Arguments, the Structural Constitution, and the Problem of Executive ‘Underenforcement.’” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 164 no.7 (2016.): 1677–1714. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119656933&site=ehost-live (accessed October 4, 2018).
6. Robertson, J. Robert, and Corey W. Roush. “Procedural and Substantive Differences in Merger Challenges by Different Authorities in the United States.” Antitrust Bulletin 58 no.2/3 (2013.): 201–23. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90668010&site=ehost-live (accessed October 4, 2018).
7. Rodriguez, Blanco, Veronica. “Authorities: Conflicts, Cooperation and Transnational Legal Theories.” Modern Law Review 79 no.1 (2016.): 193–201. doi:10.1111/1468-2230.12173 (accessed October 4, 2018).
8. Ryngaert, Cedric. “State Cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.” International Criminal Law Review 13 no.1 (2013.): 125–46. doi:10.1163/15718123-01301003 (accessed October 4, 2018).
9. Salamon, Lester, and Stefan Toepler. “Government-Nonprofit Cooperation: Anomaly or Necessity?” Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary & Nonprofit Organizations 26 no.6 (2015.): 2155–77. doi:10.1007/s11266-015-9651-6 (accessed October 4, 2018).
10. Soule, T. “Evolutionary Dynamics of Tag Mediated Cooperation with Multilevel Selection.” Evolutionary Computation 19 no.1 (2011.): 25–43. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=58019060&site=ehost-live (accessed October 4, 2018).
11. Tessman, Brock, and Wojtek Wolfe. “Great Powers and Strategic Hedging: The Case of Chinese Energy Security Strategy.” International Studies Review 13 no.2 (2011.): 214–40. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2486.2011.01022.x (accessed October 4, 2018).
12. Wu, Zhengyu. “Classical Geopolitics, Realism and the Balance of Power Theory.” Journal of Strategic Studies 41 no.6 (2018.): 786–823. doi:10.1080/01402390.2017.1379398 (accessed October 4, 2018).